The Structure of the Forearms
The muscles of the forearms are numerous and play a crucial role in the movements of the fingers, hands, and forearms.
The brachioradialis
The brachioradialis is a muscle located in the outer and upper part of the forearm, playing a significant role in forearm flexion and wrist pronation. It originates from the humerus, near the elbow region, and attaches to the radius bone, located on the outer side of the forearm, near the wrist.
The wrist flexor muscles
The wrist flexor muscles
They are a group of muscles situated on the inner part of the forearm. They include the flexor carpi radialis (or long palmar) and the flexor carpi ulnaris. They are responsible for flexing the wrist towards the radial side (flexor carpi radialis) and towards the ulnar side (flexor carpi ulnaris).
- The flexor carpi radialis originates from the humerus, near the elbow, and attaches to the carpal bones (scaphoid and trapezium).
- The flexor carpi ulnaris originates from the humerus, near the elbow, and attaches to the pisiform and the hamate bone of the carpus.
The deep wrist flexor muscles
Include the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus, responsible for both wrist flexion and finger joint flexion.
- The flexor digitorum superficialis originates from the humerus, near the elbow, and attaches to the bases of the middle phalanges of the fingers.
- The flexor digitorum profundus originates from the ulna (cubitus), near the elbow, and attaches to the bases of the proximal phalanges of the fingers.
The wrist extensor muscles
The wrist extensor muscles are a group of muscles located on the outer part of the forearm, responsible for wrist and hand extension. They allow extension of the wrist towards the radial side (extensor carpi radialis) and towards the ulnar side (extensor carpi ulnaris).
The superficial wrist extensor muscles
Include the extensor carpi radialis (or short extensor carpi radialis) and the extensor carpi ulnaris.
- The extensor carpi radialis originates from the humerus, near the elbow, and attaches to the carpal bones.
- The extensor carpi ulnaris originates from the ulna, near the elbow, and attaches to the pisiform and the hamate bone of the carpus.
- The superficial finger extensor muscle originates from the ulna, near the elbow, and attaches to the proximal phalanges of the fingers.
The deep wrist extensor muscles
Includes the extensor digitorum communis and the extensor indicis proprius. They are responsible for both wrist extension and extension of the finger joints.
- The extensor digitorum communis originates from the ulna, near the elbow, and attaches to the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers.
- The extensor indicis proprius originates from the ulna, near the elbow, and attaches to the proximal phalanx of the index finger.
Video illustration
Main exercises
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